Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
2535-2318
2682-3632
4
1
2021
06
01
Strategic Performance Measurement and Balanced Scorecard Approach in Egyptian Travel Agencies: A Proposed Empirical Model
1
28
EN
Fakhory
Shohdy
Ayoub
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Luxor University, Egypt
Sabreen
Gaber
Abd Eljalil
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Luxor University, Egypt
Wafaa
Ahmed
Elias
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University, Egypt
10.21608/ijthm.2021.177907
<em>Given the changing nature of the tourism industry, Egyptian travel agencies need to sophisticated performance measurement systems. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a tool that helps organizations achieve excellence in their performance and improve their financial results. This paper contributes to a deep understanding of the BSC and its application in Egyptian travel agencies. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the importance of BSC perspectives for achieving the desired financial results. Furthermore, the research shows that social responsibility contributes to financial performance improvement and achieves customer satisfaction, reputation, and competitive advantage. Three hundred questionnaire forms were collected from travel agencies managers. Besides, ten interviews were conducted with tourism experts to provide a deep understanding of the BSC perspectives application. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for analyzing data.</em><br /> <em> </em><br /> <em>The final results reported that the BSC and its perspectives are applicable in</em><em>Egyptian travel agencies</em><em>unknowingly. There is the direct and indirect causal effect of the learning and innovation perspective, internal processes perspective, social responsibility perspective, and customer perspective on the financial perspective. Finally, the research proposed a new model for adopting the BSC as a tool for Strategic Performance Measurement (SPM). The paper recommends that Egyptian travel agencies need to establish a dedicated team to assess the importance and benefits of adopting the BSC model. Moreovere, it needs to integrate the social responsibility perspective with other BSC perspectives for achieving the customer's satisfaction, the quality, and the competitive advantage.</em>
Balanced Scorecard (BSC),BSC Perspectives,Egyptian Travel Agencies,strategy maps,Strategic Performance Measurement
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177907.html
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177907_384f79bfa0368857c7423e2c4ad43248.pdf
Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
2535-2318
2682-3632
4
1
2021
06
01
Influence of the Global Warming Phenomenon on Recreational Tourism: Applied on Egyptian Red Sea Area
29
56
EN
Moustafa
Sobhy
Abo El Nile
Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, October 6 University, Egypt
10.21608/ijthm.2021.177908
<em>Global warming, climate change and tourism of deceased, have taken the middle phase of academic study. A raging discussion is on apart from the common writings and articles published on the theme. According to the International Panel on Climate Change “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal as is now clear from notes of growths in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice since the mid-20th century”. The approaches of this manuscript are conceptual and are self-oriented to carry readers an all-encompassed state of the art. The purpose of this study is to identify and recognize the extent of research carried out to assess the impact of global warming and climate change on tourism. A three pronged approach is adopted to collect data. First, a literature search is conducted on Google search engine, second, referred research journals in the areas of global warming, climate change and tourism are consulted and third, published reports of national and international scientific associations and government establishments are surveyed. The fortunes of tourism industry, given the nature of activity, obviously depend on the magnitude and impact of global warming and climate change. Countries like USA, China, Russia, India and Australia are mainly attributed for the growing pollution and the consequent changes in the worldwide climate. Sector- wise, flying accounts for 40%, vehicles 32%, accommodations 21% and others 7% are found to be the main suppliers. By the way, all these sectors are related both directly and indirectly to the tourism industry.</em>
Global Warming,Climate Change,Recreational Tourism,Red Sea
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177908.html
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177908_a33f3ece2292fd619542815a02ab189d.pdf
Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
2535-2318
2682-3632
4
1
2021
06
01
Public-Private Partnerships and Built Heritage: Reflections on Current Experiences
57
77
EN
Mahmoud
Abdou
Researcher, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Germany
10.21608/ijthm.2021.177909
<em>The last few decades, services delivery has witnessed a great shift from the public to the private sector. This shift has been fueled by the increasing movement of deregulation and privatisation which has paved the pathway for remarkable interventions by the private sector in the market. One theme of these interventions is the Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) which have used to deliver infrastructure projects and social services. Built heritage is another area where the private interference can be recognisable, although there are a few examples of PPP in heritage conservation over the globe; however, the Quarantine Station, Australia, is one of those exceptions. It offers ample opportunities for a deep and broad understanding of different issues highly associated with PPPs. The outcomes generated from the research and the case study match with the well-established argument that the results of PPPs are mixed and contested and any intention to give a precise and conclusive evaluation of PPPs in heritage conservation would be elusive. </em>
PPPs,Heritage conservation,Quarantine Station
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177909.html
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177909_f536ac7ff4aecd6a80759cd294e354d5.pdf
Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
2535-2318
2682-3632
4
1
2021
06
01
"The Impact of Communication and Flexibility on Perceived Environmental Uncertainty in B2b Relationships During Covid-19"
78
94
EN
Eman
Gaber
Elaraby
Valencia University, Spain
10.21608/ijthm.2021.179369
<em>This study aims to examine the effect of relational variables mainly; communication and flexibility on both operational performance as well as perceived environmental uncertainty during the actual crisis of Covid-19, this research also evaluates the level of flexibility and communication provided by the tourism governmental organizations for tourism stakeholders operated in Egypt. Online questionnaires have been sent to various tourism enterprises in the most important tourist destinations in Egypt, the data sample provided by the managers of hotels, travel agencies, cruises, restaurants. We used SPSS.16 to analyze statistically the collected data. The hypotheses have been examined by conducting correlation and regression analysis. The findings showed that only communication has a positive effect on operational performance, on the other hand perceived environmental uncertainty only affected by operational performance. </em>
flexibility,communication,operational performance,Perceived Environmental Uncertainty,Business- To- Business Relationships
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_179369.html
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_179369_e51657500c9cfcba913deadd3e9a73f4.pdf
Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
2535-2318
2682-3632
4
1
2021
06
01
Chronology of the Governors of Deir El-Gebrawi Revisited
95
108
EN
Sameh
Shafik
Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Management (EGOTH), Luxor, Egypt
10.21608/ijthm.2021.177911
<em>Two groups of nomarchs/governors are known to have ruled the Twelfth province of Upper Egypt and to have been buried on the northern and southern cliffs of Deir el-Gebrawi. While the succession of the governors in each group is well established, the order in which the two cliffs were used is highly disputed. The officials buried on the southern cliff are precisely dated by biographical inscriptions to the reigns of Merenre to the end of that of Pepy II. If the officials buried on the northern cliff preceded them, they should then be dated to the reigns of Teti and Pepy I, but if they succeeded them, they should be dated to the Eighth Dynasty and the First Intermediate Period. The relative dating of these two groups is of utmost importance, since it can influence the dating of officials in other provinces through stylistic comparison of palaeography, art and architecture, and can accordingly lead to wrong understanding of the development of various aspects of the civilisation in this period. </em><br /> <em>This article examines all the distinctive architectural, artistic and inscriptional features of all the tombs on both cliffs and compare them with the same features found in tombs at various provinces as well as in those at the capital cemeteries of Giza and Saqqara. The evidence consistently suggests that the Northern cliff was the first to be used, and accordingly the following order is proposed for the nomarchs of Deir el-Gebrawi: (Northern cliff): Henqu I,</em><em> Hemre/ Izi I, Henqu II, Hemre/ Izi II; (Southern cliff): Ibi, Djau/Shemai, Djau. These nomarchs governed throughout the Sixth Dynasty, with the inauguration of the Northern cliff taking place late under Teti and that of the Southern cliff under Merenre.</em>
old kingdom,art and architecture,Palaeography,Chronology,Administration
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177911.html
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177911_53a98e99b4d7e06ad950182fcae14dc3.pdf
Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
2535-2318
2682-3632
4
1
2021
06
01
The Roles of Guardians Deities of Book of Cavern from Scenes Texts of King Ramses Iv Tomb
109
140
EN
Mohamed
Ragheb
Dardir
Researcher, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University, Egypt
10.21608/ijthm.2021.177915
<em>This papers aims to focus the light on the role of the guardians deities of the book of the Cavern from the scenes and texts of the Tomb of King Ramses IV and their benefits for the soul of the King, The 1<sup>st</sup> and the 2<sup>nd</sup> division of the book of Cavern included the figure of the guardian deities, was depicted completely on the 3<sup>rd</sup> corridor {C} of the tomb Meanwhile the figures of the guardians deities from the 3<sup>rd</sup> to the 11<sup>th</sup> Cave were represented only in figures and its explaining texts explain their protective role for the soul of the deceased. (Piankoff,1941,1942,1943<sup>)</sup> in his Articles (Le livre des Querets) highlighted the description of the journey of the Sun god and the soul of the deceased accompanied him through the Cavern of the Underworld.(Hart,1986) mentioned only the names and epithets of these guardian deities ,So the researcher will highlight Why these guardian Deities was represented only in figures and mentioned in texts explaining their protective roles for the soul of the King in the Caves of the underworld ? instead of the depiction From the 3<sup>rd</sup> to 6<sup>th</sup> division of the book of the Cavern to inform the soul of the King about the role of these guardians deities of each Cave during his journey accompanied the Sun god through the Cavern of the Underworld.</em>
Guardians Deities,Book of Cavern,Ramses IV Tomb
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177915.html
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177915_7e922a8ed4db9b8186f9855c3b3d96d0.pdf
Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
2535-2318
2682-3632
4
1
2021
06
01
Accessibility at Archaeological Sites in Luxor (Karnak Temple, Luxor Temple, Luxor Museum)
141
150
EN
Sherif
Abd El Moniem
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Egypt
Eman
Ziedan
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Egypt
Shenouda
Rizkalla
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Egypt
10.21608/ijthm.2021.177916
<em>Egypt has declared that 2018 as the Year of Persons with Disabilities, flowing the same line, the ministry of antiquities conducted a project in partnership with an Egyptian NGO Helm Foundation, that specializes in promoting the inclusion of people with disabilities in all aspects of life. The project covered the main aspects of disabilities i.e. Mobility Access (by building accessible physical trails), Visually Impaired (Brochures in braille), Deafness and hearing loss (videos translated into hearing disability Signal), etc. The main challenges and difficulties was the Lack of smooth paths. There are many areas with large stones or dusty/sandy loose soil. </em>
KARNAK,Luxor,Thebes - Disabled,Accessibility,Museums - Mobility Access- Visually Impaired
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177916.html
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177916_2eb7a5a975f98442efd78945a1a30539.pdf
Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
2535-2318
2682-3632
4
1
2021
06
01
Some Insights on the Hybrid Style of Art in Petosiris’ Tomb: A Construction during Transition of Powers Era
151
179
EN
Mohamed
Zein
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Luxor University, Egypt
Mohammed
Heragi
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Luxor University, Egypt
10.21608/ijthm.2021.177918
<em>The tomb of Petosiris at Tuna el Gabel is one of the monuments that has witnessed a transition of foreign occupations. It includes a hybrid style of art in its decoration and interesting biographical texts of its owners that reflect the relationship of Petosiris with the</em><em> contemporary</em><em> foreign powers. Besides, it has a unique intentional architectural design that recalls the </em><em>style of the temples during the last native rulers of Egypt.</em><em>This paper investigates the influence of the foreign hegemony on some elements of Petosiris’s tomb. </em><em>It tries to understand the reasons for its hybrid style of art if it is a natural cultural </em><em>impact of the occupation, a resilience with the conquerors for personal or national reasons</em><em> or even an undercover resistance to the foreign occupation. </em><em>This will be achieved through analyzing the main elements of the tomb. The paper concludes that the hybrid style of the tomb is </em><em>a natural influence by the globalized Egyptian world and a</em><em> resilience of Petosiris with the occupiers</em><em>.</em>
Hybrid style,Globalized world,Egyptian Art,Resilience,resistance,Multicultural community
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177918.html
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177918_4eef1e1878e623b21f67311dbab5a60c.pdf
Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
2535-2318
2682-3632
4
1
2021
06
01
Strategies for Improving Direct Distribution Channels for Hostels in La Candelaria (Bogotá, Colombia)
180
205
EN
Angie
Manuela
Tellez
Tourism and Hotel Manager
Daissy
Moya
Universidad Externado De Colombia
10.21608/ijthm.2021.177920
<em>La Candelaria neighborhood, located in the center of Bogotá (Colombia), is the epicenter of the culture and history of the city, thus generating a large flow of tourists, and its main accommodation offer consists of a series of hostels, which sell their product using different channels. The scope of this research is to propose strategies to strengthen the direct distribution channels of these hostels to generate more income, based on digital marketing strategies and interpretation of hotel indicators. </em><br /> <em>To achieve the objective of the research, accommodations in the area with the highest concentration of hostels in the city were analyzed. Some of them are run independently, others are part of a hostel chain. The variables that were analyzed are RevPAB (Revenue per Available Bed), ADR (Average Daily Rate), occupancy percentage, sales by OTA (Online Travel agencies) and number of sales by other direct channels.</em><br /> <em>This is the first investigation carried out in Colombia and Latin America, in which the behavior of hostel sales is analyzed, and valid strategies are presented to improve the marketing of hostels anywhere in the world. The results shown in this article are the product of the analysis of the marketing channels used by the hostels that were object of study of the present paper during 2018.</em><br /> <em>The latter research work leads to recommending strategies focused on the consolidation of direct channels, making use of digital tools such as the hostels’ websites and social networks, which generate a lower cost compared to the use of other channels such as OTA.</em>
Marketing New Brands,hostels,Distribution Channels,Digital Marketing,Hotel Indicators
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177920.html
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177920_eba2f63d06e66e78b973b2926548c7e5.pdf
Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels
International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management
2535-2318
2682-3632
4
1
2021
06
01
The Effect of Reviews on the Online Reputation of Hotels in Latin America
206
226
EN
Joaquim
Majó
Universitat De Girona
Andrea
Ramirez
Universitat De Girona
Daissy
Moya
Universidad Externado De Colombia
10.21608/ijthm.2021.177921
<em>The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of reviews on the online reputation of hotels located in Latin America, by comparing the ratings of GHL hotels that have the highest rankings on TripAdvisor and finding which channels receive the most comments to build a guide for digital marketing strategies. Nowadays, the reviews received on OTA (Online Travel Agencies) and opinion websites reflect the quality management of hotels. This study seeks to demonstrate that when hoteliers consider comments and their guests’ opinions, they can improve their ratings and position on the social media their stakeholders utilize. To perform this research, the software REVINATE was used to measure the online reputation in 60 hotels of the GHL Hotel Chain located in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Peru. They were analyzed during a year (2019) highlighting some variables such as Country, Hotel, Channel for receiving opinions, and ranking on Trip Advisor. The results show the channels that are used the most to learn how the comments and the position of the hotel are mirrored to build their online reputation. These channels serve as a tool to create a guide for hotel managers in their digital marketing strategies to reach their targeted audience. Hoteliers should pay close attention to the comments that guests register daily on OTA and review sites because each response given is valued by potential stakeholders. It shows how the hotel’s quality is reflected in their position on TripAdvisor and therefore in other OTA.</em>
Hospitality,tourism,Online Reputation,Metasearch Engines,Online Travel Agencies,Quality Management,Marketing New Trends
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177921.html
https://ijthm.journals.ekb.eg/article_177921_7bcce7ba4a39389b6eb26dcb865e719d.pdf