Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & HotelsInternational Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management2535-23181220181201A Whole World: Reading Global Byzantium Through Coptic Art8382901710.21608/ijthm.2018.29017ENJournal Article20180823This paper explores the influence of the global culture of Byzantium on the social life of Egyptians in the Early Byzantine period, focusing on the appearance of common women on Coptic artefacts as one of the implications of this influence. The communication between Egypt and other parts of the empire secured its economic and cultural integration into the broader Byzantine culture, which viewed the Mediterranean provinces as parts of a whole world. To common women in Egypt, imperial women were the most significant manifestation of this global culture. They were presented by the imperial house, and perceived by locals, as paradigms of feminine power because of their reputed wealth, virtue, nobility and wisdom. Therefore, visual representations of women on Coptic artefacts display signs of feminine power that were inspired by the appearance of imperial women. This feature underlines the significance of Coptic art as a supplementary source for women’s histories, which have been neglected, biased or omitted in contemporary literary sources.Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & HotelsInternational Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management2535-23181220181201King Fuad’s Visit to the Industrial and Educational Centres in Manchester in 192739602901910.21608/ijthm.2018.29019ENAsaadZakiFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, University of Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20181023King Fuad paid his first state visit to Britain in 1927. Through this visit, British and Egyptian officials had high hopes to restore the friendliness between Egypt and Britain. It might lead to a general settlement of the reserved points since 1922 which prevented full harmony between Egypt and Britain after the unilateral Declaration of 28 February 1922. The visit had not only a political purpose, but also it had other intentions; the King visited a selection of Manchester educational and industrial centres, most of these industrial entities had interests in the Egyptian cotton industry.<br /> Manchester was one of the centres of the commerce and of the manufacture of a product representing one of the important resources of Egypt, the Egyptian cotton. The study could contribute a more detailed understanding of the efforts that had been done by the British and the Egyptian Governments to conclude a treaty of friendship, and it could add an additional detail of the Egyptian foreign policy and its involvement in the economic and educational matters during the reign of King Fuad. The primary concern of this research is to investigate in detail the purpose of the royal visit to Britain in general and to Manchester in particular, to expose the visit program, the places which were visited by the King in Manchester, why these places were specifically selected for the royal visit, and what was the role of the Egyptian students in the University of Manchester during that visit.<br /> This paper seeks to unearth data and stories specific to the visit mainly from the primary sources represented in the documents of Records of Victoria University of Manchester. These accounts are valuable as contemporary records of the event. It appears that these documents have not been previously consulted to tell the story of the Royal visit to Manchester.Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & HotelsInternational Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management2535-23181220181201The Middle Kingdom Seated Royal Statues Reused By King Ramses II61972902110.21608/ijthm.2018.29021ENRehabElsharnoubyFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, Mansoura University, EgyptJournal Article20180724Ancient Egyptian Statuary offers great information and insights into the art and history in those glorious times. It provides valuable, detailed and in-depth understanding into the artistic features, characteristics and physiognomies of the various eras and king reigns. Additionally, reprocessed statuary in different ancient periods accumulates more knowledge and intuitions about ancient Egyptian art. Those comparative analysis, and contrasts between different styles and adaptations enrich correlations and cross effects among different ancient periods. It is worth mentioning that the majority of reused statues are royal, but the discovered reused private ones are limited in number. This research focuses on the Middle Kingdom seated royal statues that have been sculpted during the Middle Kingdom and were later reused by King Ramses II (XIX Dynasty).<br /> The first part of the study gives a full description of these statues: The material, provenance, present location, characteristics and the inscriptions carved on the statues. They are classified as follows: Group seated statues and single seated statues. The second part of the research gives a full analysis of each statue criteria in order to assign it to its original owners. Finally, it ends by a conclusion that reiterates the most important results of the current study.Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & HotelsInternational Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management2535-23181220181201The Royal Decrees of The New Kingdom981112902210.21608/ijthm.2018.29022ENHebaOmarFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University, EgyptJournal Article20181001This study exploration proposes to clarify the imperial pronouncements in the New Kingdom. The significance of this examination comes from the way that the state in antiquated Egypt was presumably kept running by the imperial announcements which thought about a rich report to know the different perspectives in Ancient Egyptian human progress, focuses on the regal control on organization, the board and undertakings of the nation including the direction exercises, actualize administrative measures notwithstanding uphold sanctions against socially unsafe conduct and infringement.Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & HotelsInternational Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management2535-23181220181201Towards Identification of New Tourism Industry Occupations for Curricula Development of Egyptian Tourism and Hospitality Higher Education1121362902410.21608/ijthm.2018.29024ENSabreenG. Abd ElJalilFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, South Valley University, Luxor Branch, EgyptNahlaHelmyHigh Institute of Tourism, Hotels and Restoration, Abu Qir, Alexandria, EgyptKhaled SolimanAbd ElhalemFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, South Valley University, Luxor Branch, EgyptJournal Article20180823Recently, curricula development is one of the most significant aspects in education reform with special focus on its link with the labor market. The research is addressing this link pertaining to the newly emerged occupations that are considered new trends in the international tourism field and regarded as new potentials in the Egyptian tourism labour market that also needed by employers. This research is aiming at identifying these top priorities new occupations and prepare a formulated diagram for linking them with curricula development in tourism and hotels colleges and high institutes. A pilot study has been done with selected academics and tourism market experts to identify the Egyptian labour market needs for new occupations. The field survey has utilized an interview with 13 authorized persons working in governmental and authorized associations related to tourism industry, as well as a questionnaire with 50 trade people working in the Egyptian tourism market within four tourist destinations: Cairo, Sharm El Sheikh, Luxor, Aswan and Hurghada. The main objectives of interview and questionnaire are to stress on the Egyptian labour market needs acknowledged by the pilot study and consequently identify the new occupations. Field survey’s results concluded that there are seven new occupations represent the urgent needs of the labor market in both inbound services and hotel management sub-sectors. Analysis of both interview and questionnaire has been employed as guidelines for structuring a suggested diagram linking new occupations with curricula development. Finally, it recommended that this proposed diagram is submitted to one of the curricula development and/or education reform authorized organizations for adoption, development and deployment.Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & HotelsInternational Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management2535-23181220181201Assessing Non-aeronautical Activities at Cairo International Airport1371602902510.21608/ijthm.2018.29025ENNohaAbou ElGheitFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, South Valley University, Luxor Branch, EgyptMohamedNagehFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, South Valley University, Luxor Branch, EgyptJournal Article20180923Nowadays, airports enterprises are not limited with the aviation services but they include also the non-aviation ones. Thus, they are targeting to enlarge their commercial activities for the purpose of gaining revenues. Therefore, there is a growing attention towards the development of these activities. The objective of this research is to assess the non-aviation (non- aeronautical) activities at Cairo International Airport by comparing it to Singapore Changi airport. A checklist was formulated based on the non-aeronautical services provided at Singapore Changi airport containing 9 main items divided into sub-items related to the main one. Data collected depend on the observation at Cairo International airport and from the navigation of the two websites of both.<br /> The overall findings refer to the marked gap between Singapore Changi airport and Cairo International airport especially in the entertainment and passengers’ services for the businessmen and the VIPs.Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & HotelsInternational Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management2535-23181220181201Assessing E-Trust and its Effects on Online Purchase Intention for Travel Agencies Website in Egypt1611792902610.21608/ijthm.2018.29026ENSabreenG. Abd ElJalilFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, South Valley University, Luxor BranchMohamedEzzatFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University, EgyptAsmaaOthmanFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University, EgyptJournal Article20180810Trust between online electronic transaction parties is a key to the success of a business relation. Consumer trust has attracted increasing attentions from hospitality and tourism researchers however, up till now, there has been little systematically review of this topic. As such, the current study aims to fill this void by examining the relation between e-trust and consumer online purchase intention in travel agencies websites in Egypt. Furthermore, develop a new model to assessing the tourist’s electronic trust towards the travel agencies websites in Egypt. This study used a questionnaire as a quantitative method which targeted the tourists who arranged their tours to Egypt from the travel agents websites. Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS, V.25) are used for data input and analysis in using descriptive statistics. The results of testing model by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that it is a good fit. The result showed that the e-trust has a positive impact on e-purchase intention of tourists, and there is a significant relationship between the websites factors (visual design, Navigation design, information design, security, privacy, and reliability) and tourist’s E-trust in travel agencies website in Egypt. This study presented some recommendations for both travel agents and ministry of tourism to increase the trust degree of tourists for their websites which lead to online purchase intentions. Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & HotelsInternational Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management2535-23181220181201An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict the Behavior of International Fast Food Restaurants' Guests towards Negative Publicity1802032902710.21608/ijthm.2018.29027ENMohamedAliFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University, EgyptJournal Article20180710Negative Publicity is the contrary publicity that an establishment may suffer, which may lead to potentially catastrophic consequences. It results in the distortion of the firm’s reputation among its consumers and competitors. It may damages business. This research studies the impact of negative publicity of the international fast food restaurants' guests by applying the theory of planned behavior. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the data collected from a sample of 313 international fast food restaurants' guests. The results indicate that the final integrated model of the study explains 49% of the variance of the intention of international fast food restaurants' guests towards negative publicity and 5% of the variance of the behavior. Attitude, subjective Norms, perceived behavioral control would positively affect intention to visit the international fast-food restaurants that have negative publicity. Intention had a positive impact on behavior of international fast food restaurants' guests towards negative publicity. The results offer significant implications for international fast food management and are likely to stimulate further research in the area predicting the behavior of hospitality establishments' guests towards negative publicity.Luxor University, Faculty of Tourism & HotelsInternational Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management2535-23181220181201A Proposed Empirical Model for Adopting Balanced Scorecard as a Tool for Performance Measurement in Hotels2042322902810.21608/ijthm.2018.29028ENWalaaFawyFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, South Valley University, Luxor Branch, EgyptAbdelbaryDawoodFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University, EgyptAbuelkassemMohammadFaculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University, EgyptJournal Article20181019Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has become an acceptable performance measurement tool in the service sector as it integrates financial and non-financial aspects of performance. The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical model for adopting BSC as a tool for measuringperformance in hotels. 120 questionnaire forms were distributed to hotels managers in randomly sampled four-star and five-star hotels. Collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Additionally, an in-depth interview was conducted with the assistant general manager of a hotel that adopts the BSC to provide a deep understanding of BSC implementation. The empirical findings showed that it is applicable to apply the four main perspectives of the BSC in hotels, as their main requirements were available in the investigated hotels. The results of interview suggest integrating an additional perspective, i.e. environmental perspective. Based on these findings, the researchers proposed an empirical model for implementing BSC in hotels. This model incorporates five major perspectives: financial perspective, customer perspective, internal process perspective, environmental perspective, and learning and growth perspective.